Anatomy of a sole

A boot sole has several layers to protect and support your feet. Look for a good tread on the outsole, and for cushioning beneath the heel and toe areas.

1. Insole stabilizes foot and keep it in position
2. Cushioning pads absorb shock
3. Midsole
4. Full-length shank plate for rigidity
5. Outsole
6. Heel cup cradles the midsol

Sandals

Modern sandal designs offer great support, and are extremely comfortable, while offering additional ventilation.

1. An adjustable fastener ensures a snug fit.
2. Arch straps hold the shoe in place in any terrain.
3. Modern sandal has solidly constructed soles.

Fabric and leather hybrids are increasingly popular because they combine the support and traction of a heavier shoe with the flexibility of a sports shoe, so there is less friction on the foot.

1. A flexible fabric upper dries quickly when wet and allows the foot to breathe.
2. Shock-absorbing sole gives added comfort on hard terrain.

A compromise between weight, durability, and protection produces a good, all-round leather boot with a sole of hard-wearing rubber, such as Vibram®, water-resistant uppers, and valuable support for the ankles.

1. The padded ankle provides comfort and support.
2. Sole provides grip on slippery ground.

This is a high boot made from rot-proof leather and canvas with a directly molded sole. Breather holes in the instep aid ventilation and help to drain moisture in hot or humid conditions.

1. High uppers keep mud off your pants.
2. Canvas uppers are designed to keep the feet cool.
3. Sole contains wide, deep studs to provide grip on the wet ground.

More flexible than traditional climbing boots, modern hybrid boots are designed to be worn with crampons and to keep the feet warm in very cold environments

1. Crampons can be added for extra grip on ice and snow.